Which Of The Following Animals Is Common Across The Region Of Southeast Asia

All of the animals living in Asia and its surrounding seas and islands are considered the fauna of Asia. Since there is no natural biogeographic boundary in the due west betwixt Europe and Asia. The term "fauna of Asia" is somewhat elusive. Temperate Asia is the eastern function of the Palearctic realm (which in plow is part of the Holarctic), and its south-eastern part belongs to the Indomalayan realm (previously called the Oriental region). Asia shows a notable diversity of habitats, with significant variations in rainfall, altitude, topography, temperature and geological history, which is reflected in its richness and diversity of brute life.

Origins of Asian wild animals [edit]

The formation of the Asian beast began in the Mesozoic with the splitting of Laurasian supercontinent. Asia blends elements from both ancient supercontinents of Laurasia and Gondwana. Gondwanian elements were introduced from Africa and past Bharat, which detached from Gondwana approximately 90 MYA, conveying its Gondwana-derived flora and fauna northward. Glaciation during the about recent water ice age and the clearing of man affected the distribution of Asian beast (see as well Sahara pump theory). Eurasia and Due north America were many times connected by the Bering land bridge, and have very similar mammal and bird faunas, with many Eurasian species having moved into North America, and fewer Due north American species having moved into Eurasia (many zoologists consider the Palearctic and Nearctic to be a single Holarctic realm).^[iii]

Zoogeographic regions [edit]

European-Siberian region [edit]

The boreal and temperate European-Siberian region is the Palearctic's largest region, which transitions from tundra in the northern reaches of Russia and Scandinavia to the vast taiga, the boreal coniferous forests which run into the continent. Liquid water is unavailable for much of the winter, and plants and many of the animals undergo a winter dormancy in which metabolism is very boring. Due south of the taiga are a belt of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and temperate coniferous forests. This vast region is characterized by many shared plant and animal species. Some characteristic mammals are Siberian roe deer, gray wolf, moose and wolverine.

Mediterranean Bowl [edit]

The lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea in southwestern Asia are home to the Mediterranean basin ecoregions, which together constitute world's largest and nigh diverse mediterranean climate region of the globe, with generally mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The Mediterranean bowl's mosaic of Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub are home to xiii,000 endemic species. The Mediterranean basin is also ane of the world's nearly endangered biogeographic regions; simply 4% of the region'southward original vegetation remains, and human activities, including overgrazing, deforestation, and conversion of lands for pasture, agriculture, or urbanization, have degraded much of the region. Conservation International has designated the Mediterranean basin as one of the world'southward biodiversity hotspots.

Middle-East deserts [edit]

A dandy chugalug of deserts, including the Arabian desert, separates the Palearctic, Afrotropic and true Asian ecoregions. This scheme includes these desert ecoregions in the Palearctic realm; other biogeographers identify the boundary between realms equally the transition zone between the desert ecoregions and the Mediterranean bowl ecoregions to the north, which places the deserts in the Afrotropic, while others place the boundary through the center of the desert. Gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards are some of the desert-desert-adapted species that survive in this farthermost surround. Many species, such every bit the striped hyena, jackal and honey annoy have go extinct in this expanse due to hunting, homo encroachment and habitat devastation. Other species take been successfully re-introduced, such equally the endangered Arabian oryx and the sand gazelle.

Western and Key Asia [edit]

The Caucasus mountains, which run betwixt the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, are a particularly rich mix of coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests, and include the temperate rain forests of the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion.

Fundamental Asia and the Iranian plateau are dwelling to dry out steppe grasslands and desert basins, with montane forests, woodlands, and grasslands in the region's high mountains and plateaux. In southern Asia the boundary of the Palearctic is largely altitudinal. The eye altitude foothills of the Himalaya between about 2000–2500 yard form the boundary between the Palearctic and Indomalaya ecoregions.

E Asia [edit]

China and Japan are more than humid and temperate than adjacent Siberia and Cardinal Asia, and are home to rich temperate coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests, which are now by and large limited to mountainous areas, as the densely populated lowlands and river basins have been converted to intensive agricultural and urban use. East Asia was not much affected by glaciation in the ice ages. In the subtropical southern parts of China and Nihon, the Palearctic temperate forests transition to the subtropical and tropical forests of Indomalaya, creating a rich and diverse mix of plant and creature species. The mountains of southwest China are also designated as a biodiversity hotspot, the Himalayas containing for instance about 8% of the world'southward bird species.^[4] In Southeastern Asia, loftier mountain ranges form tongues of Palearctic flora and fauna in northern Myanmar and southern China. Isolated small-scale outposts (sky islands) occur equally far s as central Myanmar, northernmost Vietnam and the high mountains of Taiwan.

Indian subcontinent [edit]

The Indian Subcontinent bioregion covers well-nigh of Republic of india, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. The Hindu Kush, Karakoram, Himalaya, and Patkai ranges bound the bioregion on the northwest, n, and northeast; these ranges were formed by the collision of the northward-drifting Indian subcontinent with Asia beginning 45 million years agone. The Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalaya are a major biogeographic boundary between the subtropical and tropical animal of the Indian subcontinent and the temperate-climate Palearctic realm. The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka are of import biodiversity hotspots.^[five]

Indochina [edit]

The Indochina bioregion includes virtually of mainland Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia, likewise as the subtropical forests of southern Mainland china. It covers the richest part of the Indomalayan realm, with dominant biomes of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and dry broadleaf forests. New species and even families are often found there (due east.thousand. Laotian rock rat). Information technology is home to nearly 500 native mammal species. The bird beast is as well very diverse, with some 1,300 species. Over 500 reptile and over 300 amphibian species are besides present, including numerous endemics. See also the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.

Sunda shelf and the Philippines [edit]

Malesia is a province which straddles the purlieus between the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. Information technology includes the Malay Peninsula and the western Indonesian islands (Sumatra, Java, Borneo and others, known as Sundaland), the Philippines, the eastern Indonesian islands, and New Guinea. While the Malesia has much in common botanically, the portions e and due west of the Wallace Line differ greatly in country animal species; Sundaland shares its beast with mainland Asia, while the islands east of the Wallace line either lack land mammals, or are home to a land fauna derived from Australia, which includes marsupial mammals and ratite birds. The insects of New Republic of guinea are however mainly of Asian origin.^[vi]

Freshwater [edit]

Asia too contains several important freshwater ecoregions as well, including Rivers of Russia, which menstruum into the Arctic, Black, and Caspian seas, Siberia's Lake Baikal, the oldest and deepest lake on the planet (dwelling house to numerous endemic sponges, oligochaetes, and crustaceans and the Baikal seal), Khanka Lake, and Japan's Lake Biwa, Lake Dongting, Lake Tai and Lake Poyang in China. The rivers of Mainland china are dwelling house to the critically endangered finless porpoise and baiji. There are also several Asian lakes with saline or brackish water, and with peculiar fauna (Caspian Sea, Lake Balkhash, Aral Sea, Issyk Kul, Qinghai Lake).

Southern asia is especially rich in freshwater life, with ten% of the earth's fishes (over 2000 species).

Marine fauna [edit]

In that location are stiff affinities and relationships between Mediterranean and Atlantic faunas. The deep-h2o fauna of the Mediterranean has no distinctive characteristics and is relatively poor. Both are a result of events afterwards the Messinian salinity crisis.^[7] An invasion of Indian Ocean species has begun via the Suez Canal (meet Lessepsian migration).

The Indo-Pacific is a rich biogeographic region including most part of the Asian seas, comprising the tropical waters of the Indian Bounding main, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general area of Indonesia (it does not include the temperate and polar regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans, and the Tropical Eastern Pacific, along the Pacific declension of the Americas, is as well a distinct marine realm).

Reptiles [edit]

Asia has a rich reptile fauna. Earless monitor lizards, snakes of the families Uropeltidae, Acrochordidae and Xenopeltidae and gavials are owned to Asia.

The crocodiles include mugger crocodile, gharial, false gharial and saltwater crocodile. The more than common of the numerous snakes are pipe snakes (Melanophidium, Plectrurus, Rhinophis, Uropeltis), body of water snakes, Elapids (king cobra, Bungarus, Calliophis, Naja, Walterinnesia), vipers (Azemiops, Daboia, Dendrelaphis, Echis, Hypnale, Protobothrops, Trimeresurus, Ovophis, Pseudocerastes, Gloydius etc.), colubrids (Achalinus, Amphiesma, Boiga, Calamaria, Cerberus, Coluber, Enhydris, Lycodon, Oligodon, Opisthotropis, Rhabdophis, Pareas, Psammophis, Ptyas, Sibynophis, Spalerosophis, Trachischium etc.) and bullheaded snakes. The lizards include geckos (Agamura, Alsophylax, Asaccus, Calodactylodes, Cyrtodactylus, Chondrodactylus, Cnemaspis, Cyrtopodion, Dixonius, Gehyra, Gekko, Gonydactylus, Hemidactylus, Hemiphyllodactylus, Lepidodactylus, Luperosaurus, Perochirus, Pristurus, Teratolepis, etc.), Xenosauridae (Shinisaurus), monitor lizards, skinks. There are as well near 100 species of turtles and tortoises (Russian tortoise, keeled box turtle, Batagur, Aspideretes, Chinemys, Chitra, Cistoclemmys, Cuora, Geochelone, Heosemys, Indotestudo, Mauremys, Pangshura, Pelochelys, Rafetus, Sacalia etc.). Come across likewise List of reptiles of South Asia.

Birds [edit]

1 bird family unit, the accentors (Prunellidae) is endemic to the Palaearctic region. The Holarctic has four other endemic bird families: the defined or loons (Gaviidae), grouse (Tetraoninae), auks (Alcidae), and waxwings (Bombycillidae). The Indomalayan has three endemic bird families, the fairy bluebirds (Irenidae), Megalaimidae and Philippine creepers (Rhabdornithidae). Other endemic Asian or mainly Asian families include Acrocephalidae, Aegithalidae, Certhiidae, Cettiidae, Chloropseidae, Dromadidae, Eupetidae, Eurylaimidae, Hemiprocnidae, Hypocoliidae, Ibidorhynchidae, Muscicapidae, Phasianidae, Pityriaseidae, Podargidae, Tichodromadidae and Turdidae. Also characteristic are pittas, bulbuls, Old World babblers, cuckoo-shrikes, drongos, fantails, flowerpecker, helmetshrikes, hornbill, nuthatch, orioles, parrotbills, shrikes, sunbirds and woodswallows.

Mammals [edit]

Two orders of mammals, the colugos (ii species) and treeshrews (19 species), are owned to the Indomalayan realm, as are families Craseonycteridae (Kitti's hog-nosed bat), Diatomyidae, Platacanthomyidae, Tarsiidae (tarsiers) and Hylobatidae (gibbons). Big mammals characteristic of Indomalaya include the Asiatic lions,^{[1] [2]} tigers, wild Asian water buffalos, Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, Javan rhinoceros, Malayan tapir. The other owned Asian families include Ursidae (behemothic panda, Asian blackness bear, sloth bear, lord's day bear), Calomyscidae (mouse-like hamsters) and Ailuridae (ruddy pandas). The Asian ungulates include bharal, gaur, blackbuck, the wild yak and the Tibetan antelope, four-horned antelope, ox-sheep (Ovibovini), takin, kting voar, several species of muntjac, Bubalus and others. The caprine animal-antelopes (Rupicaprini) are represented by the goral and the serow. Asia's tropical forests accommodate one of the globe's three principal primate communities, about 45 species including lorises, tarsiers, leaf-eating langurs, the orangutans of Borneo and Sumatra, and the gibbons.

Human bear upon [edit]

Wild Asian elephant populations are disappearing due to depletion of nutrient sources and devastation of habitats

Across Asia wildlife populations and habitats are beingness decimated by poorly controlled industrial and agricultural exploitation, past infrastructure development (construction of dams, roads and tourist facilities), and past illegal activities such as poaching and timber theft. The consequence is loss of biodiversity and loss of livelihoods. A culture of indiscriminate wildlife use combined with poverty, population growth and rapid economic evolution has created a moving ridge of pressure level on natural ecosystems. Cathay's spectacular economical growth, in particular, is straining the supply of natural resource throughout the region.^[eight] Southeast Asia has the highest relative rate of deforestation of any major tropical region, and could lose 3 quarters of its original forests by 2100 and upwards to 42% of its biodiversity.^[9] The Southeast Asian region's biodiversity is arguably the well-nigh threatened, with some of the highest rates of forest loss combined with severe hunting pressure and a variety of other threats (Hughes, 2017).^[10]

Extinct animals [edit]

Run into as well [edit]

• Indomalayan realm
• Palearctic realm
• Brute of Africa
• Beast of Commonwealth of australia
• Fauna Europaea

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Geptner, 5. G., Sludskij, A. A. (1972). Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V.G., Sludskii, A. A., Komarov, A., Komorov, N.; Hoffmann, R. S. (1992). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol III: Carnivores (Feloidea). Smithsonian Establishment and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC).
2. ^ ^{a b} Pocock, R. I. (1939). The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London. Pp. 199–222.
3. ^ C.B.Cox, P.D.Moore, Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005
4. ^ Price, T. D., J. Zee, Yard. Jamdar, and N. Jamdar. 2003. Bird species variety along the Himalaya: a comparing of Himachal Pradesh with Kashmir J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 100:394–410
5. ^ Helgen, K.Grand., Groves, C.P. Biodiversity in Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats. Science, vol 308, eight.apr. 2005
6. ^ R.J.Whittaker, J.M.Fernández-Palacios, Isle Biogeography. Ecology, evolution, and conservation. Oxford University Printing, 2007
7. ^ C.C.Emig, P.Geistdoerfer, The Mediterranean deep-bounding main fauna: historical development, bathymetric variations and geographical changes, Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology, 2004
8. ^ Fauna & Flora International in the Asia-Pacific region
9. ^ Northward.S. Sodhi et al., Southeast Asian biodiversity: an impending disaster. Trends in Ecology& Evolution, Vol.nineteen, Issue 12, 2004
10. ^ Hughes, A. (2017) Understanding the drivers of Southeast Asian biodiversity loss, Ecosphere. 10.1002/ecs2.1624

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_of_Asia

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