Which Of The Following Are Found In Plant Cells But Not In Animal Cells?

4.7C: Comparing Establish and Beast Cells

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Although they are both eukaryotic cells, there are unique structural differences between animal and plant cells.

Learning Objectives

Differentiate between the structures found in animal and plant cells

Primal Points

Centrosomes and lysosomes are found in animal cells, but do not exist within found cells.
The lysosomes are the animal cell'southward "garbage disposal", while in institute cells the same office takes identify in vacuoles.
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a big primal vacuole, which are not constitute within animal cells.
The prison cell wall is a rigid covering that protects the jail cell, provides structural back up, and gives shape to the cell.
The chloroplasts, establish in plant cells, contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures the light energy that drives the reactions of plant photosynthesis.
The cardinal vacuole plays a cardinal role in regulating a plant cell's concentration of water in irresolute ecology atmospheric condition.

Key Terms

protist: Any of the eukaryotic unicellular organisms including protozoans, slime molds and some algae; historically grouped into the kingdom Protoctista.
autotroph: Any organism that can synthesize its nutrient from inorganic substances, using rut or light as a source of energy
heterotroph: an organism that requires an external supply of free energy in the form of food, as it cannot synthesize its own

Fauna Cells versus Constitute Cells

Each eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and in some, vacuoles; however, there are some hit differences betwixt creature and constitute cells. While both animal and plant cells have microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), animal cells as well take centrioles associated with the MTOC: a complex called the centrosome. Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas found cells do not. Plant cells have a jail cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas brute cells practise not.

The Centrosome

The centrosome is a microtubule-organizing center establish near the nuclei of creature cells. It contains a pair of centrioles, ii structures that lie perpendicular to each other. Each centriole is a cylinder of ix triplets of microtubules. The centrosome (the organelle where all microtubules originate) replicates itself before a jail cell divides, and the centrioles appear to take some role in pulling the duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the dividing cell. However, the exact function of the centrioles in cell division isn't articulate, because cells that have had the centrosome removed tin can still split up; and plant cells, which lack centrosomes, are capable of cell division.

The Centrosome Structure: The centrosome consists of two centrioles that lie at correct angles to each other. Each centriole is a cylinder made up of nine triplets of microtubules. Nontubulin proteins (indicated by the light-green lines) hold the microtubule triplets together.

Lysosomes

Animal cells have another set of organelles not constitute in plant cells: lysosomes. The lysosomes are the jail cell's "garbage disposal." In plant cells, the digestive processes have place in vacuoles. Enzymes within the lysosomes aid the breakup of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles. These enzymes are active at a much lower pH than that of the cytoplasm. Therefore, the pH within lysosomes is more than acidic than the pH of the cytoplasm. Many reactions that take place in the cytoplasm could not occur at a low pH, then the advantage of compartmentalizing the eukaryotic cell into organelles is credible.

The Jail cell Wall

The cell wall is a rigid roofing that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell. Fungal and protistan cells also have prison cell walls. While the principal component of prokaryotic cell walls is peptidoglycan, the major organic molecule in the establish prison cell wall is cellulose, a polysaccharide comprised of glucose units. When you bite into a raw vegetable, like celery, it crunches. That's because you are trigger-happy the rigid cell walls of the celery cells with your teeth.

Figure: **Cellulose**: Cellulose is a long concatenation of β-glucose molecules continued by a ane-4 linkage. The dashed lines at each end of the effigy indicate a series of many more glucose units. The size of the page makes it impossible to portray an entire cellulose molecule.

Chloroplasts

Similar mitochondria, chloroplasts accept their own DNA and ribosomes, but chloroplasts have an entirely different function. Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that conduct out photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the series of reactions that use carbon dioxide, water, and low-cal energy to make glucose and oxygen. This is a major deviation between plants and animals; plants (autotrophs) are able to make their own nutrient, like sugars, while animals (heterotrophs) must ingest their food.

Similar mitochondria, chloroplasts have outer and inner membranes, but within the space enclosed past a chloroplast's inner membrane is a set of interconnected and stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs called thylakoids. Each stack of thylakoids is chosen a granum (plural = grana). The fluid enclosed past the inner membrane that surrounds the grana is chosen the stroma.

Figure: **The Chloroplast Structure**: The chloroplast has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and membrane structures called thylakoids that are stacked into grana. The space inside the thylakoid membranes is called the thylakoid space. The light harvesting reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes, and the synthesis of sugar takes place in the fluid inside the inner membrane, which is called the stroma.

The chloroplasts incorporate a greenish pigment chosen chlorophyll, which captures the light energy that drives the reactions of photosynthesis. Like plant cells, photosynthetic protists too have chloroplasts. Some bacteria perform photosynthesis, only their chlorophyll is not relegated to an organelle.

The Key Vacuole

The central vacuole plays a key role in regulating the prison cell's concentration of water in irresolute environmental conditions. When you forget to h2o a plant for a few days, it wilts. That's because as the water concentration in the soil becomes lower than the water concentration in the plant, water moves out of the cardinal vacuoles and cytoplasm. Equally the key vacuole shrinks, it leaves the jail cell wall unsupported. This loss of support to the prison cell walls of constitute cells results in the wilted appearance of the institute. The primal vacuole too supports the expansion of the jail cell. When the central vacuole holds more than water, the prison cell gets larger without having to invest a lot of energy in synthesizing new cytoplasm.

Source: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book:_Microbiology_%28Boundless%29/4:_Cell_Structure_of_Bacteria_Archaea_and_Eukaryotes/4.7:_Internal_Structures_of_Eukaryotic_Cells/4.7C:_Comparing_Plant_and_Animal_Cells

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